Hi Ladies! As promised, here's the review stuff that you may use for your Long Test and Quarter Exam. If you have any questions, just leave me a comment and I'll get back to you asap. If you need an immediate response, you know how to contact me. Good luck studying! Again, read the book! (Coverage: Logical Inaccuracies or Logical Fallacies, Types of Essays, Kinds of Writing)


Generalization
- sweeping generalization – assuming claim is true for all (ex. All Woodrose students are bad in Filipino.)
- generalizing from a particular – not enough evidence for a claim (ex. The McChicken was good. All the burgers in McDonald’s should be good too.)
- overinclusive premise – including everybody (ex. All of us are guilty.)
- guilt by association – emotively associating (ex. She won’t understand me because she’s German.)

Causation
- non sequitur – does not follow (ex. She was a lawyer and therefore multi-talented.)
- post hoc, ergo propter hoc – wrong causation (ex. She aced the test because she had a healthy breakfast.)
- false dilemma – no logic in the two choices being asserted (ex. Children either do very well in school or they remain illiterate.)

Issues and Reasoning
- red herring – bringing up another issue to win a point (ex. Why are you getting mad at me? Kuya also failed Physics!)
- argument ad hominem – taking things personally (ex. I don’t believe her because her father is a gambler.)
- begging the question – a questionable idea is being asserted (ex. Although she was a gold awardee, she went to all the parties in town. – so what?)
- evading the issue – clearly avoiding to face an issue (ex. I didn’t allow her to go out today because her sister wasn’t feeling well.)
- name-calling – appealing to pre-conceived notions (ex. Her grades were obviously based on favoritism.)
- flattery – use of praise rather than reason (ex. Vote him because he is a good man.)
- snob-appeal – power through being part of the in-crowd (ex. The educated can relate with the beauty of classical music.)
- mass-appeal – power through more people (ex. Everybody in class agrees with me.)

Misleading
- analogy as fact – analogy is not the thing itself (ex. Like all organisms, our society must come to death.)
- imprecision or ambiguity – misplaced modifiers, pronouns with uncertain antecedents, and words used carelessly for position and meaning (ex. Jerry was liberal but not so liberal as Mary.)